The Orbán government avoids calling it a loan, instead describing it as a financial shield with unlimited funding potential, without specifying an exact amount. Indicators suggest there is a friendly aspect to the arrangement, but should circumstances worsen, it would effectively become a loan. According to Péter Magyar, this move could saddle future generations with debt, while the government insists that EU funds will still arrive within two to three years. €16.2 billion could be secured for military development.

EUR 16.2 billion may be secured for military developments

Recent reports indicate that, before the elections, the Orbán government might reach an agreement with the European Commission for a €16.2 billion concessional loan (almost HUF 1,000 billion at current exchange rates) to support defence industry, military, and weapons procurement investments under the so-called SAFE programme. Despite strained relations with the Commission, developing Hungary’s defence capabilities is a shared priority, and this concessional loan could be a lifeline for Orbán’s government.

Hungary’s economy has failed to take off this year and is not expected to improve next year, contrary to the Prime Minister’s hopes for a rapid recovery. Budget shortfalls are being covered by borrowing and hidden tax increases (including loans from China), while consumer confidence remains very low. With elections approaching, the government is keen to inject money into Hungarian households, with Orbán even mentioning the possibility of a fourteenth pension payment.

Orbán could close major swap line scheme

Financial hardship might be eased through a developing “swap line” scheme inspired by Argentina’s example. Ahead of critical mid-term elections, the US provided Argentina’s central bank with $20 billion, while Argentina sent an equivalent amount in pesos to the US Federal Reserve. This swap stabilised Argentina’s sharply declining currency, helped President Milei win his election, and allowed spending in dollars, which later turned into a loan.

Multi-billion-dollar loan from the USA
Trump and Orbán in the White House. Every signature may have a consequence. Photo: FB/ORbán

Péter Magyarics of Válasz Online suggests a similar mechanism could soon be set up between Hungary and the US. If necessary, the national bank could intervene to support the forint; yet the mere knowledge of such a dollar reserve could strengthen the Hungarian currency. The government might use the funds before the election, while experts expect austerity measures to follow afterwards.

The Prime Minister has given no specific details about the US–Hungarian financial shield but spoke of “unlimited financing opportunities” to accompanying journalists.

Márton Nagy confirmed that the reports from Válasz Online are accurate—negotiations are indeed underway for a so-called swap line deal. The Minister for National Economy added that there is already a similar Chinese safeguard arrangement in place, amounting to EUR 5 billion. He explained that such a measure is necessary because the European Central Bank cannot be relied upon in this matter.

The prime minister seeks another 2 to 3 years in office to obtain EU money

“That Hungary’s currency can be attacked, that the Hungarian budget can be put under strain, that the economy can be strangled financially — that’s over. We have resolved that with the Americans,” said the Prime Minister.

He claims the Americans have pledged to protect Hungary from “external financial attacks”. He also stated that he needs only another two to three years to secure EU funds domestically.

wizz-air-orban-washington-flight
Orbán holding a press conference on board Wizz Air’s special plane during his trip to Washington. Photo: Facebook/Orbán Viktor

It remains unclear on what basis he makes these claims. Notably, while his allies are gaining ground in Europe (Le Pen in France, AfD in Germany), and Giorgia Meloni has risen to lead Italy, Orbán remains isolated from Brussels. Before Meloni’s election, he hinted that regaining manoeuvrability required a “great power ally”.

EUR 18 billion at stake in Brussels

Details of the financial shield remain unknown, but Péter Magyar believes it means Orbán is indebting future generations. He labelled the Trump administration the “new IMF”, from which the socialist-liberal government borrowed in the late 2000s — a government that Orbán replaced with a two-thirds majority win.

Magyar argues that Hungary should reclaim Brussels funds, as they are non-repayable, rather than take on loans. According to Szeretlek Magyarország, €18 billion (HUF 7,000 billion) in development funds are currently blocked by the European Commission due to rule-of-law issues.

Péter Ákos Bod, former central bank governor, says that if Orbán’s alleged swap line system proves real, it would be an important security measure but also a worrying sign. “Such solutions are usually turned to during crises, or when a crisis looms,” he said.

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