Hungarian Prime Minister Orbán Viktor’s recent meeting with former U.S. President Donald Trump in Washington has sparked debate over what was actually agreed and how seriously it was taken in the United States.

Just a lunch meeting

According to Szent-Iványi István, a former European Parliament member and foreign policy expert, the encounter on 7 November was classified as a “lunch meeting”, which is

the lowest level of official diplomatic interaction.

Unlike a working visit or state visit, a lunch meeting involves sharing a meal without formal negotiations. “7 November saw detailed coverage of several other meetings on the White House website, but there was almost no official record of the Orbán–Trump meeting. This alone tells you how much weight Washington placed on it,” Szent-Iványi told Magyar Hang.

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Photo: Facebook/Orbán Viktor

No such thing as “exemption without a time limit”

The controversy centres on claims regarding U.S. oil sanctions on Russian energy, which take effect on 21 November. Orbán posted on Facebook that he and Trump agreed on a permanent exemption for Hungary. Yet Szent-Iványi emphasises that the sanctions are mandated by an executive order:

“Exemptions only take effect if the order is formally amended. A handshake alone isn’t enough. Legally and politically, there is no such thing as an ‘exemption without a time limit’. At most, you can have a temporary relief that can be revoked at any time.”

Conflicting reports: indefinite or just one year?

Conflicting reports have circulated. The Hungarian government insists the exemption is indefinite, while White House sources suggest any relief would last a maximum of one year. Meanwhile, The Washington Post reports that Trump was still weighing whether to grant any exemption at all. A final answer will only come once the executive order is formally modified.

Szent-Iványi also noted that the White House’s own communications reinforce the limited scope of the meeting. Its website included only a brief photo gallery and a 56-second video, with no press release or article. By contrast, other same-day meetings were covered extensively, including agreements with Cornell University and awards for the First Lady.

U.S. public support for sanctions is strong

Political realities further constrain any potential exemption. U.S. public support for sanctions on Russian energy is strong, spanning 60–70% of Americans, including Republican voters. Ten U.S. senators, half of them Republicans, wrote an open letter urging Hungary to stop buying Russian energy, a warning that implicitly discouraged Trump from easing sanctions.

Even the U.S. State Department’s official statements highlight Hungarian commitments totalling potentially HUF 7,000 billion (EUR 18 billion), covering education, technology, and other symbolic areas, while making no mention of sanctions or the Paks nuclear project. “If there were a true agreement on sanctions relief, it would appear first in their summary,” Szent-Iványi remarked.