Hungary’s central government finances ended 2025 with a strikingly large deficit, according to figures released by the Ministry for National Economy (NGM). The cash-based shortfall of the central sub-system of public finances reached HUF 5,738 billion (EUR 14.9 billion), an amount that translates into roughly HUF 15 billion per day, HUF 650 million per hour, or almost HUF 11 million (EUR 28,000) per minute.

Within the central sub-system, the central budget itself recorded a deficit of HUF 5,500 billion, Telex reported. This was only partly offset by a surplus of HUF 7.3 billion in separate state funds, while the financial funds of social security posted a deficit of HUF 245.9 billion.

2025: One of the worst years for public finances

What makes the final figure particularly eye-catching is how sharply the deficit expanded at the very end of the year. By the end of November, the shortfall stood at HUF 4,070.4 billion, meaning that December alone added a massive HUF 1,668 billion to the deficit. This single-month deterioration played a decisive role in making 2025 one of the worst years for Hungary’s public finances in nominal terms.

The NGM has partly attributed the high year-end figure to delayed transfers from Brussels. According to the ministry, the European Commission withheld HUF 248 billion in late December due to liquidity constraints in the EU budget, with the funds expected to arrive in early January instead. The government argues that without this delay, the deficit would have been broadly in line with its revised plans for the year.

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Even so, the numbers highlight mounting spending pressures. While tax and contribution revenues increased by 8% compared to 2024 – with consumption-related taxes rising by an even stronger 9.5% – expenditure growth remained substantial. Interest payments on previously accumulated debt reached HUF 4,197 billion in 2025, nearly HUF 585 billion more than a year earlier.

Spending on state-run transport and public utility services also rose sharply. Payments in this category totalled HUF 2,652.3 billion, exceeding the 2024 figure by HUF 344.5 billion, partly due to contractual changes affecting availability fees for the motorway network. Support for household energy price protection remained broadly unchanged year on year.

Huge expenditure

Social spending continued to climb as well. By the end of December, including the 13th-month pension, total expenditure on pensions and pension-like benefits reached HUF 7,300.6 billion, while spending on curative and preventive healthcare amounted to HUF 2,916.3 billion.

It is worth noting that the NGM reports cash-flow-based deficit figures, which reflect actual payments made and received during the year. Accrual-based data published by the Central Statistical Office (KSH) typically show a different picture. According to the KSH, net government borrowing amounted to only HUF 1,219 billion in the first three quarters of the year, although analysts expect a sharp jump in the final quarter due to year-end spending.

Commenting on the widening gap, Minister Gergely Gulyás said that final, precise data will only be available in the coming months, adding that the government still hopes to meet its revised 5% deficit target once all calculations are completed.